Zopangira magalasi ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu ndi zida zothandizira malinga ndi ntchito zawo.Zida zazikuluzikulu zimapanga thupi lalikulu la galasi ndikuzindikira zomwe zili ndi thupi ndi mankhwala a galasi.Zothandizira zowonjezera zimapatsa galasi katundu wapadera ndikubweretsa kumasuka pakupanga.
1. Zida zazikulu zagalasi
(1) Mchenga wa silika kapena borax: Chigawo chachikulu cha mchenga wa silika kapena borax chomwe chimalowetsedwa mugalasi ndi silicon oxide kapena boron oxide, yomwe imatha kusungunuka m'thupi lalikulu lagalasi pakuyaka, yomwe imatsimikizira zomwe galasiyo ili nayo, ndipo amatchedwa galasi la silicate kapena boron moyenerera.Kapu yamchere.
(2) Soda kapena mchere wa Glauber: Chigawo chachikulu cha soda ndi mchere wa Glauber womwe umalowetsedwa mu galasi ndi sodium oxide, yomwe imatha kupanga mchere wambiri wosakanikirana ndi acidic oxides monga mchenga wa silika panthawi ya calcination, yomwe imakhala ngati flux ndikupangitsa galasi kukhala losavuta. kuumba.Komabe, ngati zili zazikulu kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa galasi kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi idzachepa.
(3) Mwala wa laimu, dolomite, feldspar, etc.: Chigawo chachikulu cha miyala yamchere yomwe imalowetsedwa mu galasi ndi calcium oxide, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mankhwala azikhala okhazikika.
ndi mphamvu zamakina a galasi, koma zochulukirapo zidzapangitsa galasi kugwa ndikuchepetsa kukana kutentha.
Dolomite, monga zopangira zopangira magnesium oxide, imatha kusintha mawonekedwe a galasi, kuchepetsa kukula kwamafuta ndikuwongolera kukana kwamadzi.
Feldspar imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira poyambitsa alumina, yomwe imatha kuwongolera kutentha kosungunuka ndikuwongolera kukhazikika.Kuonjezera apo, feldspar ikhoza kuperekanso potaziyamu oxide kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito yowonjezera kutentha kwa galasi.
(4) Glass cullet: Nthawi zambiri, sizinthu zonse zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga galasi, koma 15% -30% cullet imasakanizidwa.
2, zida zothandizira galasi
(1) Decolorizing agent: Zonyansa muzinthu zopangira monga iron oxide zimabweretsa mtundu pagalasi.Soda phulusa, sodium carbonate, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati decolorizing agents.Amawoneka mu galasi kuti agwirizane ndi mtundu wapachiyambi, kotero kuti Galasiyo imakhala yopanda mtundu.Kuphatikiza apo, pali zida zochepetsera mitundu zomwe zimatha kupanga mitundu yopepuka yokhala ndi zonyansa zamitundu.Mwachitsanzo, sodium carbonate imatha kukhala ndi oxidize iron oxide kupanga iron dioxide, yomwe imapangitsa galasi kusintha kuchoka kubiriwira kupita kuchikasu.
(2) Wopangira utoto: Ma oxide ena achitsulo amatha kusungunuka mwachindunji mugalasi kuti apendeke.Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo okusayidi akhoza kupanga galasi chikasu kapena wobiriwira, manganese okusayidi akhoza kukhala wofiirira, cobalt okusayidi akhoza kukhala buluu, nickel okusayidi akhoza bulauni, okusayidi mkuwa ndi chromium okusayidi akhoza kukhala wobiriwira, etc.
(3) Woyenga: Wothandizira kuwunikira amatha kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa galasi kusungunuka, ndikupanga thovu lopangidwa ndi mankhwala osavuta kuthawa ndikuwunikira.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zikuphatikizapo white arsenic, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium salt, manganese dioxide ndi zina zotero.
(4) Opacifier: Opacifier imatha kupanga galasi kukhala loyera loyera ngati thupi.Ma opacifiers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi cryolite, sodium fluorosilicate, tin phosphide ndi zina zotero.Amatha kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 0.1-1.0μm, zomwe zimaimitsidwa mugalasi kuti galasilo liwonekere.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2021